逗号/逗点在中文或英文里是再普通不过的一个标点符号;可是,它的用法在中文和英
里可就不一定相同了。
二、Comma(,)逗号、逗点
在英文里,逗号的用途有:
*连接句子里不同的成份
*分开句子里不同的成份
*突出句子里的某个成份
*替代句子里的某个成份
成份指:词、短语(phrase)、子句(clause)等。
2.1连接句子里不同的成份
2.1.1逗号用在以and,but,for,nor,or,so,yet等连接词的两个主要子句
之间:
1.Myfatherisfondoffishing,butmymotherprefershiking.(以,but连
接两个子句)
2.Hepaintedtheexteriorofthehouse,andshepaintedtheinterior.(以
,and连接两个子句)
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2.2分开句子里不同的成份
2.2.1用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词:(如果并列的形容词之间可加上and,
but等,那就加上逗号;否则不可)
1.Thattall,distinguished,goodlookingfellow.(可写成Heisatalland
distinguishedfellow.)
2.Sheisalittleandoldlady.(不可写成Sheisalittle,oldlady.)
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2.2.2在两个修饰主语的短语之间加上逗号(句短可不加):
1.Whilewaitingforthebusonthatcoldrainynight,shestarted
sneezing.(主语she)
2.At10oclockthebusarrived.(不必写成At10oclock,thebus
arrived.)
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2.2.3在Jr.,Sr.,Esq.,Ph.D.,F.R.S.,Inc.,等名称之前及后都要加上逗
号(除了所有格的名称):
1.TheyidentifiedhimasHowardR.Williams,Jr.,chairmanoftheirboard.
(,Jr.,)
2.ThatisHowardR.Williams,Jr.scompany.(,Jr.s后面不可再加逗号)
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2.2.4在追问句之前加逗号:
1.Doit,wontyou?(Doit是命令语气,wontyou?是追问)
2.Youknowtheanswer,dontyou?
3.Itiswarmtoday,isntit?
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2.2.5一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子,如果它和前面的句子有关联的话,必
须在有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号:
1.Shebelievedhehadthetalenttosucceed.Unfortunately,hewaslazy.
(后一个句子以副词unfortunately开头,同时这个句子和前一个句子有直接的关联)
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2.2.6在句子里有超过三个并列词或短语等,在最后一个,and,or,nor等
之前加逗号:
1.Hepromisedtosupplythepencils,pens,andnotebooksfortheclass.
(简单说就是pencils,pens,notebooks要写成pencils,pens,andnotebooks)
2.Hermothersellstomatoes,potatoes,apples,andpeaches.(...apples,
and...)
3.Sheranupthestairs,acrosstheporch,andintothehouse.(upthe
staris,acrosstheporch,intothehouse是三个短语,在最后一个加,and)
4.Weallagreedthatshewasbeautiful,thatshewasintelligent,and
thatshewasambitious.(三个thatshewas...都是子句)
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2.2.7在句子中加上逗号,以免引起误解:
1.Thatsheknewwherethemoneywas,wasnewstome.(如果was,was之间
不加逗号,是不是会引起误解呢?)
2.Outside,thelawnwasclutteredwithhundredsofbrokenbranches.
外面的草坪上到处是断枝。
(如果outside后去掉逗号,那意思就变成“在草坪的外面到处是断枝。”)
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2.2.8用逗号分开引用句:
1.“Youarebeautiful,”hesaid.(这个逗号要放在引号内)
2.Ourteachersaid,“Freedomisnotlicense.”(...said,)
3.“No,”shesaid,“Iwasjusttestingyourpatience.”(No,/
....said,)
4.“Perhaps,”Tomresponded,“Iwilltryanyway.”(Perhaps,/
responded,)
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2.2.9逗号用以分开星期、月日、年份:
1.OnMonday,May5,2000,herfirstchildwasborn.(Monday,May5,
2000,)
2.OnMarch8,2003,heboughtanewcar.(March8,2003,)
3.June2000isoneofthemostmeaningfulofmylife.(只有月和年,就不
必加逗号)
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2.2.10逗号用以分开地名、省名、国名、街道名、巷弄名等:
1.Lindalivesat1234AmarilloAve.,#1,PaloAlto,CA94303,U.S.A.
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2.2.11逗号用在suchas和especially的前面:
1.Theyenjoyoutdoorsports,suchashikingandriding.
2.Helikesallextracurricularactivities,especiallybasketball
playing.
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2.3突出句子中某个插入成份(Parentheticalelements):
所谓插入成份,是指在句子中去掉它也可成立的成份。插入成份一般是感叹词、状
语、副词子句等。
2.3.1句子里插入的词、短语、子句等,加上逗号以示插入成份:
1.Heknew,however,thatnoonewouldlistentohiswarning.(插入
however)
2.No,youmaynotcomewithus.(插入No)
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2.3.2用逗号分开“乃此非彼”的结构:
1.Jane,notShirley,willattendthemeeting.(是Jane,不是Shirley)
2.HewantedtoseeMr.Wu,notMr.Hu.(是吴先生,不是胡先生)
3.Somesaytheworldwillendinice,notfire.(是冰,不是火)
4.Itwashermoney,nothercharmorpersonality,thatfirstattracted
him.(为的是她的财富,不是为了她的妩媚或个性)
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2.3.3句中有非限制性的词或短语之类,以逗号标出以示插入成份:
1.Herhusband,Bill,isascientist.(Bill为插入成份)
2.KentHoward,myEnglishteacher,isfromAmerica.(插入成份myEnglish
teacher)
3.Herfather,whoisafamousscholar,teachesEnglish.(插入成份whoisa
famousscholar)
4.Eleanor,hiswifeofthirtyyears,suddenlydecidedtoopenherown
business.(试将插入成份hiswifeofthirtyyears去掉,句子是否也能成立?)
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2.3.4句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、国名并列,省、州、国名前后须加逗号:
1.WevisitedHartford,Connecticut,lastsummer.(Connecticut为插入成份)
2.Paris,France,issometimescalled"TheCityofLights."(France为插入
成份)
3.Hartford,Connecticutsinvestmentintheinsuranceindustryiswell
known.(Connecticuts为所有格式,后面不可加逗号喔)
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2.3.5句中带着连接词(but,and,or...)的插入成份的前面不可加上逗号:
1.TheRedSoxwereleadingtheleagueattheendofMay,butof
course,theyalwaysdowellinthespring.(but的后面不可加逗号)
2.TheTigersspentmuchoftheseasonatthebottomoftheleague,and
eventhoughtheypickedupseveralpromisingrookies,theyexpecttobe
thereagainnextyear.(and的后面不可再加逗号)
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2.3.6向人说话时,逗号放在对方名字或称谓之后、之前或者前后都加:
1.John,comehere.(John,逗号在名字之后)
2.Openthedoor,John.(,John逗号放在名字之前)
3.Itis,Sir,notmyfault.(,Sir,逗号放在称谓前面和后面)
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2.4替代句子里某个成份
2.4.1用逗号替代句子里某部份,表示字词的省略:
1.Thelionisthesymbolofcourage;thelamb,ofmeekness.(thelamb,of
meekness原本应该是thelambisthesymbolofmeekness)
2.Georgewasthehardworker,John,thelazyone.(John,thelazyone原
本应该是Johnwasthelazyone)
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终于搞定。你说英文逗号容易用,还是中文逗号容易用?